Operationalising generative AI to scaffold threshold concepts: A human-in-the-loop design-based research framework for STEM

Abstract

This presentation introduces a Design-Based Research framework that operationalizes Generative AI (GenAI) to tackle persistent learning bottlenecks in STEM higher education. Traditional linear and static materials often fail to support students through complex Threshold Concepts, leaving them in a liminal state where they resort to superficial mimicry. By synthesizing educational frameworks like Cognitive Load Theory and Perkins’ Typology of Troublesome Knowledge, we demonstrate how educators can use GenAI as an advanced design and conversion tool to “translate” existing teaching materials into interactive, multimodal scaffolds. This human-in-the-loop approach ensures pedagogical rigor while..